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Seminar on "Remembering Chingiz Aitmatov on the theme Socialist Realism to Global Humanism"

The Centre of Russian Studies, School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies organized three day long International Seminar: Remembering Chingiz Aitmatov on the theme Socialist Realism to Global Humanism. This important academic and literary event brought together over a hundred and fifty international scholars, experts and writers for three days of intense interaction, exchange of ideas, experience and fellowship. The Seminar comprised of invited lectures, panel discussions, presentation of research papers, an exhibition, a quiz, film screenings as well as other audiovisual presentations, and a cultural and a ghazal evening. The events were inaugurated by H. E. Mr. V. I. Trubnikov, Ambassador of the Russian Federation, and H.E. Ms. Irina A. Orolbaeva, Ambassador of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Keynote Address was delivered by Prof. Abhai Maurya, VC of the EFLU, Hyderabad. H.E. Dr. Salikh Inagamov, Ambassador of the Republic of Uzbekistan and Prof. Rozetta Aitmatova, the younger sister of Chingiz Aitmatov were the other Guests of Honour. The inauguration ceremony also saw the release of a commemorative volume of select articles, features on Aitmatov and abstracts of papers presented at the Seminar.

Coinciding with the Seminar was the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between JNU and the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, for academic collaboration and exchange between the two prestigious Universities.

Aitmatov's works reflect a kaleidoscope of themes concerning the human condition in a changing world weaving in prose the metaphor of myth and folklore creating magical realism on a canvas as wide as from socialist realism to global humanism. The Seminar, while remembering and celebrating the life and works of this literary giant, took the deliberations beyond Soviet and Russian literature and art forms to address trends and issues in other literatures and arts as well.

The Chairperson of CRS, Prof. Charanjit Singh, welcomed the dignitaries and participants and in his opening remarks paid rich tribute to Chingiz Aitmatov and his works. Introducing the Seminar Prof. Manu Mittal, Seminar Director said that "Chingiz Torekulovich Aitmatov, born 80 years ago in the small hamlet of Sheker in the Talas Valley of Kyrgyzstan, rose as an immortal giant amongst writers to fill and fire the imagination of people across the world. He has been considered to be the greatest writer to emerge from Central Asia since the immortal writings of Avicenna, Al Khorezmi, Omar Khayyam and other titans of science and literature from the age of the Islamic Renaissance that ended a millennium ago. Aitmatov moved beyond wielding his pen as an author to being an enlightened intellectual deeply concerned with the tragedies of war and the nuclear threat, relentlessly opposing violence, instead having faith in the peace movements. And who, desired Globalisation to become a humanistic 'spiritual phenomenon' that would show the 'light of development' leading to a 'Union of Humankind' and not just a materialistic, exploitative phenomenon that 'annihilated ancient spiritual ideals' and 'ethnic cultures' that it was turning out to be. He called for a dialogue of cultures which he felt was essential for preserving the unique cultural diversity of humanity and the need for social change without the loss of dignity, culture and identity."

The Chief Guest, H. E. Mr. V. I. Trubnikov, Ambassador of the Russian Federation, inaugurating the Seminar observed, "In today's world of rapid socio-political and cultural changes, the works of Chingiz Aitmatov, who wrote his world-famous novels in both Russian and Kyrgyz, are highly relevant." The guests of honour, H.E. Ms. Irina A. Orolbaeva, Ambassador of the Kyrgyz Republic, H.E. Dr. Salikh Inagamov, Ambassador of the Republic of Uzbekistan and Prof. Rozetta Aitmatova, the younger sister of Chingiz Aitmatov, paid rich tribute to the writer.

Delivering the Keynote Address on the Universal Humanism of Chingiz Aitmatov, Prof. Abhai Maurya, Vice-Chancellor of the English and Foreign Language University, Hyderabad, said that Aitmatov is "one of those writers who in the span of one life traversed a huge distance in terms of literary evolution and shaping of his ontological make up" from being "a fire brand Komsomolets to dispassionate thinker, from religiosity to atheism and back to religious tolerance or, maybe, religiosity, from socialist humanism to universal humanism", whose humanism, just like the universe, "embodies in itself the humans, the flora and fauna, the animal world, the sprit, the intellect and a whole gamut of ontological phenomena."

In his Presidential address Prof. Ramadhikari Kumar, Rector, JNU spoke about the evolution of Chingiz Aitmatov as a writer and expressed hope that "during the three-day seminar scholars would discuss, analyse and expose the artistic, aesthetic, social and educational significance of the works of this great writer".

While familiarizing the guests and the dignitaries with the intense activities and achievements of the School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, the Dean Prof. Sankar Basu said that "Russian writers never distanced themselves from the socio-political life of their country and applied their creative power in the midst of eventful happenings. It would be fascinating to study how Chingiz Aitmatov passed through the evolution as writer from the days of the glory of socialist realism to the period of collapse of the ideological dominance of the communist party in the literary field."

The Valedictory Function was addressed by Dr. Jitender Raghuvanshi, General Secretary, Indian People's Theatre's Association, and Dr. Osmanakun Ibraimov, Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyzstan.

The Seminar was attended by nearly a 150 delegates of whom over forty were from abroad with a sizeable delegation from Kyrgyzstan. The overwhelming response the Seminar received was evidenced in the 96 papers that were selected out of the many more received. However, due to time constraints only 67 could be finally take up for presentation over the three day period packed with hectic and intense academic and intellectual activity.

Amongst others, some of the international luminaries who attended were Rector Vladimir Nifadev, Vice Rectors Kanybek Imanaliev and Kumen Isakov of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek; reputed Indologist Prof. Tashmirza Khalmirzaev from Tashkent, eminents academicians Prof. Alexander Kacev, Prof. Elena Mihailova, Prof. Mihail Rudov, Dean Salavat Usmanov, and Dean Aness Zarifian from Kyrgyzstan; Prof. Guzel Strelkova from Moscow, designer M.M. Ucharov from Uzbekistan, and Gulbara Sadikova, Chief Editor Cultural and Educational Journal of the Youth, Bishkek. Enthusiastic student participation in the Seminar was evident in the special Quiz organized by and for the students the two first prizes in which were won by Vikramjeet student of MA and Aashish student of BA. The CRS students also put up a Cultural Evening under the guidance of Dr. Kiran S. Verma (Asstt. Prof, CRS), Lilya Kaceva from Kyrgyzstan, Janani (Research Scholar, CRS) and Nazgul Abalova and Zainura Rysalieva (Research Scholars, SSS) in which they enacted excerpts from Aitmatov's works and performed Kyrgyz folk dances and songs. The Seminar opened new vistas for students to understand the culture of Kyrgyzstan and the milieu which shaped Aitmatov's genius.

An Exhibition curated by Dr. Hadicha Shambetalieva (Reader, Kyrgyz-Russia Slavic University, Bishkek) and Dr. Indira Musaeva (Research Scholar, SIS) on the life and works of Chingiz Aitmatov displayed at the JNU Library was a big attraction as it gave a glimpse of Aitmatov's life and writings, as well as an opportunity to view Kyrgyz dresses and artifacts. Another draw was the special screening of films based on Aitmatov's novels, a film of his last interview and a short documentary on his life and works.

In the evenings, fellowship thrived at the two Seminar dinners. While academic debates spilled over or exchange and research programs were finalised, there were gentle moments too as old friends united in nostalgia, some meeting after years or even after decades of their last meeting in college or school! The ghazal evening resonating with the melodious voices of famous singers Rajesh and Seema Chandra wafting through the refreshing evening air over the lush green lawns and the fabulous Delhi spring cast a magical spell as of an evening coming alive out of the pages of an Aitmatov novel enchanting, and creating memories that would last long after the Seminar is over.

A popular lecture entitled "The past, present and future of Biotechnology" was organized as a joint venture by School of Life Sciences (SLS), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) and International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) at SLS. The event was organized by Dr Ashwani Pareek, SLS and was chaired by many eminent dignitaries including Prof. Clive James, Founder and Chairman, ISAAA; Prof. S. K. Sopory, Group leader, Plant Molecular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Prof. N. B. Sarin, Acting Dean, SLS; Prof. K. C. Upadhyaya and Prof. B. C. Tripathy, SLS. The event was a grand success with participation of more than 300 people from various institutes.

The highlight of the programme was a spellbinding lecture by Prof. Clive James, Founder and Chairman, ISAAA. He emphasized at length the significant achievements, since the inception of biotechnology in the arena of agriculture about 13 years ago. The thrust of his talk was on the contribution of biotechnology in alleviating poverty by counter-acting the monstrous problem of hunger plaguing the world. He stressed on the fact that biotechnology is not the panacea to solve all world problems; rather it is the contribution to the solution of these problems. His mesmerizing lecture was followed by a discussion session involving active participation from the audience. Thereafter, Prof. K. C. Upadhayaya briefed the audience about the status of biotechnology research at JNU and emphasized on collaborative research efforts. Prof. B.C. Tripathy gave a vote of thanks.

The International Conference, Ashoka and The Making of Modern India, was held from the 5-7 August 2009 at the India International Centre, New Delhi. The conference was sponsored by The University of Texas at Austin, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Indian Council for Historical Research, American Institute of Indian Studies and the India International Centre. Papers were presented by participants belonging to India as well as from various countries of the world including America, Europe, Asia and South East Asia lending it truly an international colour. The main focus of the Conference was the ongoing dialogue of the past with the present and a reassessment of evidence relating to Ashoka and the consideration of his significance in historical memory.

The Conference was inaugurated by Prof. Romila Thapar, Professor Emeritus, JNU and coincided with the opening of a photo exhibition, which encapsulated the important excavations and edicts pertaining to Ashoka and his times. Starting with Bhagwanlal Indraji (1839-1888) whose contribution to Ashokan studies is important, the exhibition then displayed photos of important archaeological sites such as Sanchi, Sarnath, Kumrahar and Mahasthangarh. The next section of the exhibition had its focus on the various rock and pillar edicts of Ashoka, an interesting photo being of one located at Greater Kailash area of south Delhi, besides the inscriptions from Brahmagiri, Bairat and at Firoz Shah Kotla. Images and pictures of the Girnar Rock edict from the time it was first discovered upto the present day made for interesting viewership as well. The last section of the exhibition demonstrated the continuity of Asokan symbols in independent India as seen on various stamps and currency.

The papers presented in the Conference can be broadly divided into the following sections- archaeology, re-assessment and re- interpretation of inscriptional data, the legend of Asoka in various countries and lastly- the relevance of Ashoka and his symbols for independent India.

In the papers pertaining to archaeology old evidence was re interpreted and new evidence brought forward. Within the field of archaeology the paper of Shri Virchand Dharamsey brought forward the hitherto unknown important contributions of Indian scholars towards archaeology, numismatics and epigraphy. One such scholar was Bhagwanlal Indraji who was born in Junagadh, and the Girnar rock provided him the inspiration to study inscriptions, and he made significant contributions to its decipherment. It is amazing to know that before the age of seventeen he was able to read a large part of the inscription. As brought out by Sri Virchand Dharamsey, Indraji had travelled throughout the country, as well as to Nepal and Baluchistan, undertook minor excavations and discovered numerous inscriptions and sculptures prior to Alexander Cunningham (1814-1893). The log books of his tours that he prepared for Bhau Daji, who had commissioned him, were never published and are now lost. He was the main contributor to the two main works of James Burgess: Rock Cut Temples of Badami and Notes on the Baudha Rock Cut Temples of Ajanta.

Prof. Himanshu Prabha Ray's paper brought out the importance of studying the empire from the micro region upwards and the need to locate the Ashokan edicts within the historical developments of a region, which vary from one region to another. Rather than viewing monuments as symbols of imperial power, she argued that they were indicators of cultural and social identity and needed to be studied in their local historical context rather than through the prism of socio-economic reality. She also made a case for cultural continuity as evident from the biographies of monuments that were often appropriated by later social groups and redefined, but which continued well into the present.

A careful study of the site of Mahasthangarh in J.F.Salles paper made it evident that it is equally important to carry out field survey of sites, their tectonic movements and interpret satellite imagery rather than simply ascribing the beginnings of a site to a dynasty. The paper of Shailendra Bhandari classified various interesting categories coins have been studied in- Morph centric, Semio centric, Archaeo centric and Scripto centric. It is evident that coins of the Mauryan period need a better in-depth study through better perspectives and inter disciplinary methods as there are an amazing 800 symbols of which nothing is known about, and that symbols associated with Mauryas also need to be re analysed.

The papers presented relating to edicts and their re interpretation brought to light a number of new issues as well. Different renderings and opinions for the same set of edicts in connection to their interpretation, various aspects, rendering and engraving were highlighted during the conference. An interesting facet that comes out is the role of the engravers and as pointed out by Romila Thapar the issue of whether they were locals or were brought by the state to carry out the engraving process needs to be addressed. During the course of the conference it became evident that the edicts cannot be put under one category as they were serving different purposes. While some were addressed to officials, others were to the Sangha, yet others spoke of Ashoka's dharma and some were statements to the common people. These edicts had peculiarities in style, syntax and grammar in different regions. This brings out issues of how the edicts were sent out, who were the people who received and read them, and those who translated and engraved them and whether the latter were literate or not. A study of a medieval text regarding the removal and re location of the Asokan pillars in the medieval period threw light on some of the possible methods and techniques that could have been employed in the transport and erection of the huge monolithic pillars with great care, so as to avoid any damage, at various sites.

Another interesting topic is the appropriation of the Ashokan legend, its relevance and variations in the modes of appropriation that exist in different cultures. The legendary images of Asoka, mainly as the ideal Buddhist ruler, are different from the images of Ashoka reconstructed from historical evidence. The hagiography of the rulers in China had many elements that were imitated from the life and events of Ashoka. On the other hand in the Theravada Buddhist traditions of Sri Lanka and South East Asia, Ashoka is portrayed as living in a web of relationships, and he benefits from the aid provided by other people and he depends on other people to realize his vision. This is unlike the Ashoka of the edicts who is seen as an individual reflecting on his past to create a better future. Thus while in China his name does not find direct mention in biographies of the ruler, yet his legend as an ideal Buddhist ruler predominate the writings. On the other hand in Theravada tradition even though he is mentioned, he does not act independently and is rather an instrument of some one else's will.

The legend extended not only to literature but also in the realm of art and architecture. This was seen in the study of images found in China from Sichuan dating from AD 551 to 562-565 AD. These images record inscriptions in which they are referred to as Ashokan type Buddha images which speaks of the strong influence of the Ashoka legend on Buddha images of the region. On the other hand the Ashoka legend was appropriated by the Thai King Rama IV in the case of the Pra Prathom stupa. According to him the stupa was originally built by Sona and Uttara, and above this he later constructed a newer structure above it. Thus the Ashokan legend seems to have been utilized to sanctify objects of Buddhist art and architecture.

The importance and relevance of Ashokan symbols and their significance they hold in the modern world are apparent in their presence on the Indian flag, currency and stamps. The conference spread further awareness regarding the relevance of Ashokan artifacts in today's world and it also provided a platform to scholars specializing in Ashokan studies to bring forth the new discoveries of Mauryan period and various re interpretations of earlier known data to further a better and more complete understanding of a great ruler in today's day and age.

The first seminar organised by the Women's Studies Programme, in the monsoon semester was by Dr. Charu Gupta, Associate Professor of History, Delhi University who presented a paper titled 'Writing Sex and Sexuality: Archives of Colonial India' on 18 August, 2009.

The presentation focused on disparate sites and subjects to reflect on and problematize the relationship between sexuality and archives in colonial north India. This was based on her experience of doing research for her book "Sexuality, Obscenity, Community: Women, Muslims and the Hindu Public in Colonial India" and her research on her current project on 'Gendering Dalits in North India'. She argued that 'recalcitrant' and hidden histories of sexuality can be gleaned by not only expanding our arenas of archives, but also by decentering and recasting colonial archives. In her own work she has done this by specifically investigating some of the 'indigenous' writings in Hindi, through texts concerning homosexuality, sex manuals, the writings of a woman ayurvedic practitioner, didactic literature and its relationship to Dalit sexuality and current popular Dalit literature and its representations of the past. The debate she stressed, was not about the flaws of archival uses but rather of playing one archive against another, of conversations within and without the archives, of romancing the archives, of appropriating many parallel, alternative, official and popular archives simultaneously to shape a more nuanced and layered understanding of sexuality.

On 25 August, 2009, Dr. Anupama Rao, Associate Professor, South Asian History at Barnard College, Columbia University presented a paper titled 'The Biopolitics of Caste'. The paper examined long-standing debates about gender, genealogy and sexual violence, and their centrality to the constitution of caste subjectivity from the early part of the twentieth century, as a way to frame more recent debates about sexual violence against Dalit women. The regional focus of the talk was Maharashtra. The paper was part of a larger work just published under the title "The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modem India" (August 2009, University of California Press).

Prof. Avadhesha Surolia delivered the 3rd SBT Monthly Seminar Series Lecture on 28 August, 2009 in the School of Arts and Aesthetics Auditorium. The following is the abstract of the lecture he presented:

Demyelinating disorders are a group of conditions characterized by destruction of the myelin sheath of the neurons. Myelin forms an insulating sheath around axons and helps in fast propagation of nerve impulse in sensory neurons. Demyelination not only slows down the speed of nerve impulse but also results into accumulation of amyloids, which eventually damage neurons irreversibly. Demyelination of neurons causes impairment in sensation, movement, cognition, or other functions depending on which nerves are involved. Demyelinating diseases can be classified into two categories namely those affecting central nervous system and those affecting peripheral nervous system. There are about 15 demyelinating disorders known such as multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis, Devic's disease, progressive multi focal leukoencephalopathy, optic neuritis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy etc. Out of these multiple sclerosis is most common affecting around 1.3 million people world wide. The term demyelination describes the effect of a disease process, rather than its cause. For most of the demyelinating diseases the exact cause remains doubtful, as many factors such as genetic, hormonal and environmental are associated with them. Immune system is known to play a significant role in etiopathogenesis of most of the known demyelinating diseases. Current research approaches are thus focused either on regulating the immune response or promoting neuroregeneration. We have designed a novel peptide molecule (NPM) which ameliorates symptoms of multiple sclerosis in an animal model i.e. experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. NPM was found be twice more effective than existing therapeutics used to treat multiple sclerosis in humans i.e. glatiramer acetate. Significantly high therapeutic efficacy of NPM may be attributed to its efficient presentation and high bioavailblity. Further, NPM6 was found to block the activation of autoreactive T cells specifically and polarizes the immune respose towards anti inflammatory phenotype. Ability of NPM to promote neuroregeneration remains to be explored. Thus, we propose NPM to be a superior therapeutic applicable in various inflammatory, autoimmune and demyelinating diseases.

International Conference on "India-EU Partnerships in Mobility: Data, Agreements, and Policy in International Migration"

Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies, School of Social Sciences and the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA), Government of India organized an international conference on India-EU Partnerships in Mobility: Data, Agreements, and Policy in International Migration at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi. The conference brought together migration scholars from twenty three countries across the world and from international organizations such as the ILO, the European Commission; and government officials from immigration and employment departments of select EU countries. Scholars and government officials from India also participated in the conference. Apart from the inaugural and the closing plenary the deliberations were organized into seven technical sessions and a working-groups session for drafting recommendations.

In the inaugural session Dr. Ranbir Singh, Director, MOIA, stated that since international migration is driven by economic and demographic forces mobility partnerships can be a useful tool to meet the challenge of migration management. Prof. Binod Khadria, the conference convener, while pointing towards the cosmopolitan nature of the gathering explained the significance of the map on cover page of the conference brochure for the prospective discourses and introduced the theme of technical sessions. Mr. K. Mohandas, Secretary, MOIA, gave a brief introduction of the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs. He argued that India can be a natural partner of the EU where the EU countries can benefit from India's demographic advantage and technical skills. Mr. Vayalar Ravi, Hon'ble Minister, MOIA & Parliamentary Affairs delivered the inaugural address. Expressing concern over the protectionist policies of the nation-states he advocated for free movement of people across borders by strengthening inter-state and inter-regional cooperation. Prof. B. B. Bhattacharya, ViceChancellor, JNU observed that laws cannot prevent human mobility and unrealistic laws are even difficult to implement. He said that Europe can help developing countries like India by enhancing capital mobility as the European share in Indian foreign capital is comparatively very small.

The theme of technical session I was 'Existing Policy Frames: Trends and Practices'. Panelists Mr. Patroklos Georgiadis spoke on the national immigration policy of Greece, Prof. Beatrice Knerr on Indian migration to Germany, Prof. Gavin Jones on marriage issues among Indian migrants, and Prof. Kathleen Newland on circulation migration. Dr. Ryszard Chowlewinski discussed key elements of World Migration Report 2008 in the context of managing labour mobility. Prof. Tapas Majumdar chaired the session. In Session II Chair, Prof. Stephen Castles set out the perspectives for deliberations on 'Emerging Policy Concerns: Issues and Objectives for Policy Coherence'. Dr. Will Somerville focused on Indian migration to the UK, Dr. Aureila Segatti spoke on South African migration policy making and its relevance for developing countries like India. Prof. James Wickham spoke about different aspects of migration policy making, concerns and dilemmas in the EU. Prof. Amal Sanyal discussed about developing a model on migration taking into account both measurable and un-quantitative attributes.

Technical Session III was on 'Existing Data Scenarios: Lessons from Case Studies'. Prof. Wei Li chaired the session. She elaborated on various aspects of highly skilled Indian migration to Canada and US. Prof. Penda Mbow spoke about the immigration clandestine in Sub-Saharan Africa. Prof. Graziano Battistella spoke on immigration to Italy and importance of social networks in India-EU partnerships. Ms. Anna di Mattia presented her paper on the future of international migration. Prof. John Willoughby discussed the importance of shortages, class, gender, political reaction and data collection in international migration. Prof. Graeme Hugo chaired session IV on 'Data Sets in Migration: Possibilities and Feasibilities'. He elaborated Australian data sets on migration arguing their usefulness for India. Dr. Maruja Asis shared her experience on Migration Information System in Asia Project and its contribution in data generation on international migration. In his presentation on high-skilled migration and diaspora Dr. J-B Meyer argued that different database provide different pictures. Dr. Johan Wets' spoke on Indian migrants in Belgium, and focused on issues related to identity and political use/misuse of statistics. Prof. Richard Bedford commented on the presentations and explained the importance of data in dispelling myths on migration.

The theme of Session V was 'Existing Visa Regimes, Agreements and Implications'. Dr. Piyasiri Wickramasekara emphasized the ratification of international conventions and signing of multilateral agreements. Dr. Mary E. Breeding provided a comparative picture of Indian migrants in the United States and Europe. Dr. Ranbir Singh spoke about the Indian perspective, especially the role of MOIA, in facilitating legal migration and combating illegal migration. Prof. Heldegard Schneider reflected upon the migration policy of EU and the changes that have taken place in the policy stance especially after the 9/11. Mr. S. Krishna Kumar chaired the session. In Session VI 'Reforming the Visa Regimes: Bridging the Policy-Practice Gaps' the chair, Dr. Howard Duncan spoke on Indian migration to Canada. Dr. Mariama Awumbila discussed the migration of skilled professionals in the Ghanaian context. In his presentation Dr. Pawel Kaczmarczyk focused on the freedom of mobility within the European Union. Mr. Peter Bosch spoke on the common visa policy in the European community and regional dialogues EU has launched with different countries. Prof. Binod Khadria spoke on the hassles faced by the people at visa window to underline the gap between policies and practices.

Prof. Jonathan Crush chaired technical Session VII on 'Models for India-EU Mobility Partnerships'. He spoke about the north-south mobility partnerships. Ms. Asa Carlander provided an overview of the Swedish migration policy which welcomes migrants of all skill levels and provides equal treatment to all migrants. Dr. Ayman Zohry documented the Egyptian migration to Arab countries, Europe and North America and discussed recent development in the Egyptian Migration Policy. Ms. Malgorzata Bonikowska raised concerns regarding the enlargement of EU and its impact on Polish migration policy. Prof. Raul Delgado Wise spoke on Mexican migration to the US and its impact on the home economy.

Mr. K. Mohandas, Secretary, MOIA chaired the closing plenary. Rapporteurs of working groups presented the recommendations. Mr. Peter Bosch asserted his commitment to start working together on the recommendations of working groups. He called upon the academia to work with EU policy makers and construct a positive relationship in the context of broader human concerns. Mr. G. Gurucharan advocated for negotiating free trade agreement. He warned the EU countries that if they fail to see mobility partnerships with India as an opportunity then the best and the brightest will continue to go to the United States and Australia. Mr. K. Mohandas provided an outline of the further engagements that could be achieved using the academic track, the business track, and the governmental track. Prof. Binod Khadria expressed concern over the frequent policy changes and asked the destination countries to do the equitable adversary analysis to understand the problems of the other side. He delivered the vote of thanks.

Rachana Kamtekar delivered a talk on "Ethics and Politics in Plato's Repupblic" on 3 August, 2009. Dr. Kamtekar is an eminent scholar in Classical Greek Philosophy, with special interest in Ethics and Political Philosophy, and teaches Philosophy in the University of Arizona. Her talk focused on issues centering on question of politics and ethics with special reference to the connection between the two in the famous Platonic dialogue Republic. A new approach to the understanding of Ethics was conceived by Kamtekar, which, she argued, would do justice to the understanding of Politics in the text. A close textual analysis was undertaken by the speaker in order to establish her position. The talk was attended by students and faculty of other Centres (particularly the Centre for Political Studies) along with participants from the Centre for Philosophy.

Rakesh Chandra, Professor and Head of the Department of Philosophy, University of Lucknow, delivered the 2nd lecture on August 20, 2009, on "Philosophy, Feminism, and Feminist Methodology". Professor Chandra has been closely associated with feminist movements in India, and thus brings in his practical expertise to bear upon central theoretical issues concerning how to deal with Feminist methodology as a Philosophical enterprise. Chandra surveyed a wide range of writings by feminist scholars in the west as well as in India to deal with the kind of logic that underlies feminist methodology. Questions concerning the specificities of feminist movements in India, and therefore, specificities of theoretical concerns of feminist scholars in India were contrasted and compared with their counterparts in the west, particularly in the US.

"Text as a Process: Thinking with Daya Krishna", by Daniel Rave of the Department of Philosophy, Tel Aviv University, Israel, was the third lecture organized by the Centre for Philosophy on August 30, 2009. Dr, Rave has been working in Indian Philosophy, and has written extensively on Daya Krishna, one of the most important Indian Philosophers of the 20th Century. Rave discussed Daya Krishna's idea of Samvad or dialogue, or even better, open dialogue, as a method of philosophizing. This method brings philosophy closer to artistic creation and is the edifice on which philosophical enterprise can stand.

The Politics of Commemoration: 1957, the British in India and the 'Sepoy Mutiny’
Abstract of talk delivered by Dr. Crispin Bates, University of Edinburgh

The 150th anniversary of the Indian Uprising of 1857 has inspired a flurry of new books and commemorative events. A far greater significance, however, was accorded to the 100th anniversary in 1957. Coming, as it did, so soon after independence, feelings ran high. In India, the anniversary was another opportunity to celebrate the achievement of independence and the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting published the first official and explicitly nationalist interpretation of events, Surendranath Sen's Eighteen fifty-seven. For British diplomatic representatives in India, by contrast, the anniversary was a cause of considerable anxiety. Above all, there was a concern that the British diplomatic 'coup' achieved in 1947 should not be undone by any over-emphasis of earlier armed conflicts between Britain and India and the arousal of militant antiimperialist and anti-British feeling. In the months leading up to the anniversary, Foreign and Commonwealth Relations office correspondence reveals a determined effort to 'manage' sub-continental politicians and the reporting of the anniversary celebrations and to sustain a preferred British official interpretation of historical events. This paper will draw upon a file of recently released correspondence in the National Archives Kew to offer insights into the working of diplomatic relations between London and newly independent nations of the Indian subcontinent, as well as the role played by British officialdom in the fashioning of contemporary understandings of the Freedom Struggle in India.

Memory and History: Crafting a Daughter's Testimony
Abstract of talk delivered by Dr. Nonica Datta, University of Delhi

This presentation focused on the oral testimony of Subhashini (1914-2003), an anonymous colonial subject living in postcolonial times. Her story, within a sea of stories, has so far remained unheard in the mainstream discourse. Recalling not 1947 but 1942 "1942 not of the Quit India Movement" as a violent rupture in her memory, her testimony moves beyond a historical event and established facts. Crafting her memory as history, this presentation offered a parallel history of events and non-events, testimony and experience,' and suggested the insertion of a small, unknown, unexplored history in the existing historical narration. Subhashini's conflicted, repetitive narrative reveals the shifts, ambiguities, silences in an individual memory and its intersection with and divergence from collective memory. Her free-ranging testimony defies the opposition between victim and victimizer, witness and survivor, aggressor and spectator, perpetrator and bystander. The talk engaged with the form and structure of a complex narrative.

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dk;Z”kkyk ds vkjEHk esa ^yksd jktuhfr eap* ds lfpo MkW- vftr >k us yksd jktuhfr eap dk ifjp; nsrs gq, mlds y{;ksa ls ifjfpr djk;kA dk;Z”kkyk ds vk;kstd lekt oSKkfud izks- vkuan dqekj us vius oDrO; esa pqukoksa esa O;kikfjd iwath ds c<+rs izHkko ij xgjh fpark trkbZ vkSj bl rjg dh leL;kvksa ls fuiVus ds fy, dkuwuh ,oa laLFkkxr mik;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk turk ls laokn dk;e djus ij Hkh tksj fn;kA izFke l= ds v/;{k ofj’B i=dkj Jh dqynhi uS;j us dgk fd ge ,sls lekt dh dYiuk djrs gSa tgka lHkh yksdrkaf=d fodYi [kqys jgsa] lkekftd&vkfFkZd ;k {ks=h; vk/kkj ij fdlh Hkh rjg dk foHkktu u gksA gky ds pquko esa pquko izpkj [kpZ gq, vifjfer /ku dks ns[krs gq, vkt bl ckr dh t:jr gS fd pquko vk;ksx bl rjg izpkjra= ij [kpZ gksus okys iSls ij Hkh fuxjkuh j[ksA pquko lq/kkj dh blh ckr dks vkxs c<+krs gq, tfLVl jktsUnz lPpj us pqukoksa esa c<+ jgh dkWjikWjsV Qf.Max ds nq'ifj.kkeksa ij n`f'V MkyhA mUgksaus vkxs dgk fd ernku dk vk/kkj og jktuSfrd fopkj/kkjk ;k lkekftd ekax gksuh pkfg, tks gekjs lekt dk iqufuZek.k dj lds] tcfd vkt ernkrk ;g ns[kdj oksV nsrk gS fd mls fdl O;fDr ;k ikVhZ ls Qk;nk gksxkA tfLVl lPpj us udkjkRed ernku ¼uksVk½ dk fodYi Hkh [kqyk j[kus dh t:jr ij cy fn;kA

dk;Z“kkyk dk cht Hkk’k.k nsrs gq, izks- ;ksxsUnz ;kno us dgk fd Hkkjrh; yksdra= dh okLrfod vlQyrk ;g ugha gS fd mldh i)fr ikjn”khZ ugha gS] ;k fQj turk vius er ds tfj;s ljdkj dks izHkkfor djus esa vlQy jgh gSA mldh okLrfod vlQyrk jktuhfrd izfrfuf/kRo esa c<+rs Hkz’Vkpkj] ernkrk vkSj pqus gq, izfrfuf/k;ksa ds chp c<+rh nwjh vkSj jktuhfrd izfrLi)kZ dks izHkkoh uhfr fuekZ.k ds fodYi esa u cny ikus esa fufgr gSA pqukoh lq/kkj dk ,tsaMk jktuhfrd dk;ZØeksa ds fuekZ.k vkSj ljdkjh uhfr;ksa ds fu/kkZj.k esa turk dh Hkkxhnkjh r; djus ls fu/kkZfjr gksxkA fdlh Hkh jktuhfrd lq/kkj dh ewyHkwr “krZ ;g gS fd og lfn;ksa ls misf{kr lkekftd lewgksa dh yksdrkaf=d izfØ;k esa Hkkxhnkjh dSls r; dj ikrk gSA blds fy, izks- ;ksxsUnz ;kno us ,d ^lIrinh* is”k dh] 1- pquko iz.kkyh ds orZeku ra= dks lqO;ofLFkr vkSj lfØ; cuk;k tk,] 2- izeq[k yksdrkaf=d laLFkkuksa ¼pquko vk;ksx vkfn½ dks etcwr cuk;k tk,] 3- pqus gq, izfrfuf/k;ksa ds :i esa lekt ds fofHkUu fgLlksa dh mi;qDr Hkkxhnkjh r; dh tk,] 4- fuokZfpr vkSj tokcnsg yksdrkaf=d laLFkkuksa dk egRo lqfuf”pr fd;k tk,] 5- jktuSfrd O;oLFkk ds fodsUnzhdj.k ij cy fn;k tk, vkSj pquko iz.kkyh dks NksVs iSekus ij lEiUu djk;k tk,] 6- lHkh izR;kf”k;ksa ds fy, lalk/kuksa dh lqyHkrk lqfuf”pr dh tk, vkSj 7- vke jk; cukus okys jktuhfrd lwpuk ra= dks yksdrkaf=d cuk;k tk,A izks- ;ksxsUnz ;kno us jktuhfr esa dkys/ku ds c<+rs izHkko dks jksdus ds fy, jktuhfr esa lQsn /ku dks ykus dh vko”;drk crkbZA mUgksaus lq>k;k fd pquko dk [kpZ jktdh; dks’k ls fy;k tkuk pkfg,] blls yksdra= dks O;kid Hkkxhnkjh okyk ra= cukus esa enn feysxhA

nwljs l= esa fofHkUu jktuhfrd nyksa vkSj lkekftd laxBuksa ls tqM+s gq, yksxksa us pquko lq/kkj ls lacaf/kr viuk i{k j[kkA ekdik ds tksxsUnj “kekZ us jktuhfrd nyksa dh viuh fopkj/kkjk ds izfr izfrc)rk esa vkbZ deh vkSj ^Qkbusal* vkSj ^fcx dSfiVy ds izfr c<+rs vkdZ’k.k ij fpark trkbZA mUgksaus dgk fd ehfM;k Hkh vius lkekftd ljksdkj Hkwy pqdk gSA lq/kkj ds uke ij ifCyd ehfVax] pquko izpkj vkSj foKkiu dks fu;af=r djus ds uke ij tks izfrca/k yxk;s x, gSa] os dqN fo”ks’k nyksa dh Hkkxhnkjh jksdus ds fy, gh fd;k x;k gSA lekt”kkL=h MkW- jatuk dqekjh us Hkkjrh; yksdra= dks vf/kd LFkkbZ vkSj lekos”kh cukus ds fy, blesa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf”pr djus ij cy fn;kA mUgksaus efgyk vkj{k.k dk iqjtksj leFkZu djrs gq, dgk fd laln ds vanj efgykvksa dh mis{kk bl ckr ls gh tkfgj gS fd cglksa ls ysdj ctV esa [kpZ gksus okys iSls rd fdlh esa Hkh mudh Hkkxhnkjh ugha gSaA MkW- fjtoku dSlj us dgk fd misf{kr leqnk;ksa ds l”kDrhdj.k ds fy, O;ofLFkr o O;kid dk;ZØe dh t:jr gSA blds fcuk pquko lq/kkj lRrk ds ,dkf/kdkj dk gh elyk cudj jg tk,xkA jktuSfrd lq/kkj ds vHkko esa pquko lq/kkj u rks izklafxd gS vkSj u gh mi;ksxhA Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ds usrk MkW- egs”k panz “kekZ us dgk fd ge bl ra= esa pquko ds ek/;e ls tSlk ^buiqV nsaxs] laln vkSj fo/kkulHkkvksa ds :i esa oSlk gh ^vkmViqV* feysxkA fl)karghu ernku] tkfrxr vk/kkj ;k /kfeZd ,dhdj.k dHkh Hkh lS)kafrd jktuhfr dk fuekZ.k ugha dj ldrkA lektoknh ikVhZ ds iwoZ lkaln Jh eksgu flag us ppkZ dks vkxs c<+krs gq, dg fd ;g lp ugha gS fd pqukoksa esa gksus okyh /kka/kyh vc gh “kq: gqbZ gS] 1952 ds pquko esa gh blds izek.k feyrs gSaA igys vijk/kh vkSj O;ikjh pquko thrus esa lgk;rk djrs Fks] vc os Lo;a gh pquko yM+ jgs gSaA tfLVl Mh-,l- rsokfr;k us dgk fd jktuhfrd ny ikfjokfjd izfr'Bku cu x, gSa vkSj vke turk ls nwj gks x, gSaA pquko vk;ksx dh vkn”kZ lafgrk ds vk/kkj ij jktuSfrd ny [kqn gh lq/kkj vkSj ifjorZu yk ldrs gSa] ,slk u gksus ij mUgsa ekU;rk ugha nh tkuh pkfg,A Hkkjrh; tulapkj laLFkku ds MkW- vkuan iz/kku us dg fd okLro esa jktuSfrd lq/kkjksa dh izfØ;k tukanksyuksa ls gh laHko gSA bldk dksbZ Hkh lek/kku VsDLV cqd ;k lsfeukj ls ugha fudy ldrkA tukanksyu gh pquko dk jkLrk [kksysaxs vkSj yksdra= ds uke ij pyus okys [ksy dks csinkZ Hkh djsaxsA lekt“kkL=h MkW- foosd dqekj us dgk fd okLro esa lekt ds pfj= ds vk/kkj ij jktuhfr dk fu/kkZj.k gksrk gSA vxj lekt vyksdrkaf=d vkSj vfodflr gS rks jktuhfr Hkh ,slh gh gksus ds fy, ck/; gSA vHkh nfyr jktuhfr ds :i lckYVuZ mHkkj fn[k jgk gSA Nk= usrk lanhi flag us dgk fd iwathoknh ra= ds vanj yksdra= dke ugha dj ldrk D;ksafd bl ra= dh yksdra= ds izfr dksbZ vkLFkk ;k izfrc)rk ugha gSA pquko lq/kkj ij dh xbZ dksbZ gokbZ dYiuk vi;kZIr vkSj vizHkkoh gksxh] tc rd fd mlesa lekt ds ncs&dqpys o misf{kr leqnk;ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ij /;ku ugha fn;k tk,xkA Nk= usrk g’kZ us Hkh viuh ckr j[khA

rhljs l= esa vf/kDdrk lat; ikfj[k us pquko lq/kkj laca/kh izeq[k lafo/kku la”kks/kuksa vkSj dkuwuh QSlyksa dk C;kSjk fn;kA mUgksaus mEehnokj }kjk laifÙk rFkk vkijkf/kd C;kSjksa dks lkoZtfud djus ds dkuwu dks vkSj vf/kd izHkkoh cukus dh t:jr ij cy fn;kA lkFk gh mUgksaus xqIr udkjkRed ernku *uksVk* dh vko”;drk rFkk mldks ykxw djokus laca/kh lq>ko Hkh fn,A Jh jfofdj.k tSu us laln dh xkS.k gksrh Hkwfedk ij fpark trkrs gq, dgk fd vc fo”o cSad] fo”o O;kikj laxBu vkSj varjkZ’Vªh; eqnzk dks’k tSls laLFkku bl O;oLFkk esa funsZ”kd rRo dh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSaA Jh tSu us iapk;rh jkt O;oLFkk dks vkSj vf/kd etcwr djus ij cy fn;kA lqJh jk/kk HkV~V us dgk fd pquko lq/kkj ls igys yksdra= esa lq/kkj t:jh gSA pquko esa izR;k”kh ikVhZ dh txg yksxksa }kjk r; fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;gh izfØ;k vkxs ds Lrkjksa ij gksuh pkfg,A *yksd mEehnokj* dh oQknkjh turk ds izfr gh gksxhA xka/khoknh fopkjksa esa yksdra= ds lQy lapkyu dh laHkkouk,a gSaA MkW- izseflag us pquko dh ,d O;kOkgkfjd leL;kvksa ij fopkj djrs gq, dgk fd cMh ikfVZ;ksa ds lalk/kuksa ds eqdkcyss NksVh ikfVZ;ka vkSj Lora= izR;k”kh dgha ugha BgjrsA vYila[;d ernkrk Hkkjr esa Mjk gqvk ernkrk gS] ftlls yksdra= dh izfØ;k leL;kxzLr gks tkrh gSA ehfM;k esa Hkz’Vkpkj QSyk gS vkSj ;g bl ckj ds *izpkj iSdt* ls Li’V gSA mM+hlk ds ;qok lektoknh Jh fyaxjkt us dgk fd laifÙk vkSj vkijkf/kd ekeyksa ds “kiFk&i= dks vke vkneh viuh dlkSVh ugha cuk ik jgk gSA ernku djrs oDr yksx “kfä dsUnzksa dk /;ku j[krs gSaA bl rdZ ls mcjus dh t:jr gSA iwoZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh ,l-vkj- nkjkiqjh us dgk fd pquko izfØ;k essa jkT; e”khujh dh Hkwfedk fu’Ik{k ugha gksrhA ukekadu ls gh mldh Hkwfedk “kq: gks tkrh gSA rduhdh vk/kkj ij dbZ izR;kf”k;ksa dk ukekadu jí dj fn;k tkrk gSA bl e”khujh dks fu’i{k cukus dh t:jr gSA fo/kkulHkkvksa vkSj laln dk pquko lkFk&lkFk djokuk pkfg, ftlls fd dksbZ Hkh ny ;k ljdkj bl e”khujh dk nq#i;ksx u dj lds ofj’B i=dkj ,u-vkj- eksgUrh us dgk fd NksVs nyksa dk mHkjuk Loxkr ;ksX; gSA ge ;g lqfuf”pr djsa fd iapk;r] ft+yk] izns”k vkSj dsUnz lHkh Lrkjksa ij lh/ks&lh/ks yksxksa }kjk pqus gq, izfrfuf/k dh lRrk dk lapkyu djsaA yksdra= esa “kfä;ksa ds i`FkDdj.k~ dh egRoiw.kZ Hkqfedk gSA Jh vo/ks”k dqekj us dgk fd lq/kkj dk vFkZ ;g gS fd O;oLFkk dks vklku ls vklku cuk fn;k tk, tcfd gks ;g jgk gS fd vke vkneh ds fy, O;oLFkk tfVy ls tfVyrj gksrh tk jgh gSA xka/khth dh lykg Fkh fd xkao ds yksx feydj ,d izfrfuf/k pqus] og vkxs ds izfrfuf/k dks fuokZfpr djs vkSj ;g izfØ;k pyrh tk,A yksdra= dk ;g csgrj ekWMy gSA i=dkj fgeka”kq >k us dgk fd ;g fpark dk fo’k; gS fd yksdra= vf/kd foLr`r] O;kid vkSj lekos”kh ugha cu ik;k gSA ge turk dks bl ckr ds fy, le>kosa fd og tufgr ds eqíksa ij gh oksV nsa] HkkoukRed eqíksa ;k ykyp ds vk/kkj ij ughaA Jh lquhy us dk;Z”kkyk esa yksdrkaf=d lq/kkjksa ds fy, vk, lHkh lq>koksa dks *rkRdkfyd* vkSj *nh?kZdkfyd* esa foHkkftr djus dh lykg nhA lkFk gh mUgksaus dgk fd gesa fodsUnzhdj.k ds ckjs esa xaHkhjrk ls lkspuk gksxkA ft+yk Hkh yksdrakf=d iz.kkyh dk ,d Lrj gks ldrk gS vkSj jkstejkZ ls lacaf/kr lkjs vf/kdkj buds ikl gksus pkfg,A

dk;Z”kkyk ds vafre l= essa xr rhu l=ksa dh ckrphr ds vk/kkj ij fudys fu’d’kksZa rFkk vkxs dh j.kuhfr ds ckjs esa fopkj fd;k x;kA izks- ;ksxsUnz ;kno us fofHkUu lokyksa ds tkoc Hkh fn,A izks- vkuan dqekj us bl lkjh cgl dk vke lgefr ds fcanqvksa ds vk/kkj ij ,d nLrkost+ rS;kj djus vkSj mlds ek/;ke ls bl cgl dks vkxs c<+kus dk fopkj j[kkA

ßiszepan dk egRo bl ckr esa gS fd mUgksaus mu yksxksa dks lkfgR; esa txg nh vkSj uk;d cuk;k tks igys lkfgR; ds nk;js ls gh ckgj Fks rFkk mu yksxksa dks [kyuk;d cuk;k tks igys lkfgR; ds uk;d FksA ,slk djds iszepan us lkfgR; dh laLÑfr dks cny fn;kAÞ ;s fopkj izksQslj eSustj ik.Ms; us iszepan t;arh ij Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsUæ }kjk 31 tqykbZ] 2009 dks Hkk"kk laLFkku ds lfefr&d{k esa vk;ksftr nwljs iszepan Le`fr O;k[;ku nsrs gq, O;Dr fd,A mUgksaus dgk fd ßcM+k ys[kd og gksrk gS tks ikBdksa dks ladV ds le; ;kn vk,A xkfyc] ehj] dchj] jghe vkfn dfo yksxksa dks fdlh Hkh ladV ds le; ;kn vkrs gSaA x| esa iszepan ,sls vdsys ys[kd gSa] ftudks yksx ladV ds le; ;kn djrs gSaA iszepan dh izklafxdrk crkrs gq, mUgksaus dgk fd lekt dk bfrgkl lkfgR; ds bfrgkl esa gLr{ksi djrk gS vkSj blh izfØ;k esa fo'ks"k ys[kd izklafxd cu tkrk gSA iszepan Lok/khurk vkanksyu ds le; jpuk dj jgs Fks vkSj os 'kksf"kr turk ds rjQ ls 'kkld oxZ vkSj vU; izfrfØ;koknh rRoksa dk izfrjks/k dj jgs FksA vkt ds 'kkld vkSj izfrfØ;koknh rRoksa dk ekSfyd pfj= Lok/khurk vkanksyu ds le; tSlk gh gS] blfy, iszepan vkt Hkh izklafxd gSaAÞ

Hkk"kk] lkfgR; vkSj laLÑfr v/;;u laLFkku ds Mhu izksQslj 'kadj clq dk;ZØe ds fof'k"V vfrfFk FksA mUgksaus vius oDrO; esa dgk fd iszepan :l esa cgqr yksdfiz; lkfgR;dkj gSaA Hkkjrh; ys[kdksa esa ls iszepan gh :lh Hkk"kk esa lokZf/kd vuqfnr ys[kd gSaA iszepan dh egkurk dk mYys[k djrs gq, izksQslj ,l-vkj- fdnobZ us dgk fd fgUnh vkSj mnwZ esa iszepan ds ckn egRoiw.kZ vkSj izxfr'khy ys[kd iSnk gq,] rks ;g iszepan dh gh lQyrk gSA os dk;ZØe dh v/;{krk dj jgs FksA O;k[;ku ds ckn ppkZ esa c`ts'k vkSj dkS'ky us Hkkx fy;kA Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsUæ ds v/;{k izksQslj peuyky us iszepan Le`fr O;k[;ku ;kstuk ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsrs gq, iszepan dks fganqLrkuh t+cku dk egku ys[kd crk;kA mUgksaus dgk fd fgUnh&mnwZ fookn dk mRÑ"V gy iszepan ds ;gka feyrk gSA

dk;ZØe dk lapkyu izksQslj jkec{k us fd;k vkSj /kU;okn Kkiu dsUæ esa rfey Hkk"kk ds izksQslj ds- ukfPpeqFFkw us fd;kA bl volj ij cM+h la[;k esa Nk=ksa lfgr fo'ofo|ky; ds f'k{kdksa esa izks- 'kkfgn gqlSu] izks- fdj.k pkS/kjh] MkW- vuokj ik'kk] MkW- j.kthr dqekj lkgk] MkW- nsosUæ pkScs] MkW- ,u- paælsxju] MkW- vkseizdk'k flag vkfn mifLFkr FksA

ekWjh'klA ßHkkjr ds lkFk gekjk xgjk fj'rk gSA vizokl us gesa flQZ rdyhQsa gh ugha nh] cfYd thus vkSj ,d u;h nqfu;k cukus dh jkg Hkh fn[kkbZA Hkkjr ds vusd Hkkxksa ls vk;s gekjs yksxksa us] [kkldj Hkkstiqjh HkkbZ;ksa us ;gk¡ ,d dfBu yM+kbZ yM+hA mUgksaus viuh Hkk"kk vkSj laLÑfr dks Hkh thfor j[kkA mls th;kA vkxs c<+k;kAÞ ;s ckrsa bafM;k MkW;Liksjk lsaVj ds rRoko/kku esa f'k{kk] laLÑfr ,oa ekuo lalk/ku ea=ky;] ekWjh'kl rFkk bafnjk xk¡/kh Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dsUæ ds lkStU; ls 29&30 vxLr 2009 dks ekWjh'kl ds bafnjk xk¡/kh Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dsUæ esa vk;ksftr fo'o Hkkstiqjh lEesyu ds mn~?kkVu ds volj ij ekWjh'kl ds jk"Vªifr lj vfu#) txUukFk us dghA blds iwoZ dk;ZØe ds varjkZ"Vªh; la;kstd ,oa iwoZ LokLF; ea=h Jh txnh'k xksoq)Zu us dk;ZØe dh :ijs[kk crkrs gq, Hkkjr] nf{k.k vÝhdk] baXyS.M] gkyS.M vkfn ns'kksa ls vk;s vfrfFk;ksa dk Lokxr djrs gq, dgk fd ßgeyksxksa ds fy, ;g xoZ dk fnu gS fd Hkk"kk vkSj lekt dks lEeku nsus ds fy, bruh&bruh nwj ls yksx vk;s gSaAÞ bl l= esa f'k{kk ea=h Jh olar dqekj ouokjh] Hkkjrh; mPpk;ksx ls Jh latho jatu] MkW- t;izdk'k dnZe] fo'o fganh lfpoky; ls MkW- jktsaæ izlkn feJ vkfn us Hkh viuh mifLFkfr ntZ dhA

bafM;k MkW;liksjk lsaVj] ekWjh'kl dh vksj ls vk;ksftr bl laxks"Bh vkSj 31 vxLr ls 3 flrEcj rd gq, lkaLÑfrd dk;ZØe ds nkSjku dbZ l= gq,] ftlesa vizoklh lkfgR; ls ysdj Hkkstiqjh Hkk"kk ,oa lkfgR; ij dqN lkFkZd vkSj fujZFkd cglsa Hkh gqb±A buesa Hkkjr ls x;s foHkwfr ukjk;.k jk;] nsosaæ pkScs] v#.ks'k uhju] ls-jk- ;k=h] c`tsaæ dqekj f=ikBh] egsaæ izlkn flag] jf'e pkS/kjh] lnkuan lkgh] ohjsaæ ukjk;.k ;kno] Lo;a izdk'k] t;izdk'k] lrh'k f=ikBh] jfods'k feJ] uhjt flUgk] vftr nqcs vkfn lfgr ekWjh'kl ,oa vU; ns'kksa ds fo}kuksa us lfjrk cq)q] jkegksrk ioh] lR;nso izhre] t;ifr iquhr] fxjtkuan n'kZu] 'kSyk Qonj] vuhQ ihje] fp=equ] nq[khjke vkfn us lfØ; :i ls Hkkx fy;kA bu l=ksa esa 1857 ij Hkh cglsa gqbZ ftlesa nsosaæ pkScs] c`tsaæ dqekj f=ikBh] jf'e pkS/kjh] egsaæ izlkn flag vkSj uhjt flUgk us Hkkx fy;k vkSj Hkkstiqjh yksd dkO; esa fufeZr 1857 ds ,d egku ;ks)k dqaoj flag dh Nfo rFkk fganh esa 1857 ds egRo dks vkt ds lanHkZ ls tksM+dj ns[kus dh ckr dghA blds lekukarj gq, lw=ksa esa Hkkstiqjh lekt dks le>us ds fy, u;s rjg ds bfrgkl ys[ku ij Hkh fopkj gqvkA

;g lEesyu bl ek;us esa vuks[kk Fkk fd blesa vizoklh ds :i eas viuh rkdroj igpku cuk, ml la?k"kZ'khy lekt dks le>us dk yksxksa dks ekSdk feyk ftlus 1834 ds ckn 'krZcanh izFkk ds :i esa Hkkjr ls gtkjksa ehy nwj tkdj iRFkjksa ds igkM+ dks rksM+dj /kjrh dks lery cuk;k vkSj thus dh jkg fn[kkbZA